San Lorenzo - Olmec Civilization in Veracruz

San Lorenzo is an Olmec period site located in the state of Veracruz, Mexico. San Lorenzo is the name of the central place in the larger San Lorenzo Tenochtitlan archaeological region. It is located on a steep plateau above the Coatzacoalcos floodplain. The site was first settled in the second millennium BC and had its heyday between 1200-900 BC. Temples, plazas, roadways and kingly residences are included in an area of about a half acre, where about 1,000 people resided. Chronology Ojochi phase (1800-1600 BC)Bajio phase (1600-1500 BC)Chicharras (1500-1400 BC)San Lorenzo A (1400-1200 BC)San Lorenzo B (1000-1200 BC) Architecture at San Lorenzo Ten colossal stone heads representing heads of past and present rulers have been found at San Lorenzo. Evidence suggests that these heads were plastered and painted in bright colors. They were arranged in ensembles and set in a plaza paved with red sand and yellow gravel. Sarcophagus-shaped thrones linked living kings with their ancestors. A royal processional aligned to the north-south axis of the plateau led the way to the center. At the center of the site are two palaces: the San Lorenzo Red Palace and the Stirling Acropolis. The Red Palace was a royal residence with a platform substructure, red floors, basalt roof support, steps and drain. The Stirling Acropolis may have been the sacred residence, and is surrounded by a pyramid, E-group and a ballcourt. Chocolate at San Lorenzo Recent analysis of 156 potsherds were collected from stratified deposits at San Lorenzo, and reported in an article in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in May of 2011. Residues of the pottery were collected and analyzed at the University of California, Davis Department of Nutrition. Of the 156 potsherds examined, 17% contained conclusive evidence of theobromine, the active incredient in chocolate. Vessel types exhibiting multiple occurrences of theobromine included open bowls, cups and bottles; the vessels date throughout the chronology at San Lorenzo. This represents the earliest evidence of chocolate use. Read more about the history of chocolate Excavators of San Lorenzo include Matthew Stirling, Michael Coe and Ann Cyphers Guillen. Sources This glossary entry is a part of the About.com Guide to the Olmec Civilization, and part of the Dictionary of Archaeology. Blomster JP, Neff H, and Glascock MD. 2005. Olmec Pottery Production and Export in Ancient Mexico Determined Through Elemental Analysis. Science 307:1068-1072. Cyphers A. 1999. From Stone to Symbols: Olmec Art in Social Context at San Lorenzo Tenochtitlà ¡n. In: Grove DC, and Joyce RA, editors. Social Patterns in Pre-Classic Mesoamerica. Washington DC: Dumbarton Oaks. p 155-181. Neff H, Blomster J, Glascock MD, Bishop RL, Blackman MJ, Coe MD, Cowgill GL, Diehl RA, Houston S, Joyce AA et al. 2006. Methodological Issues In The Provenance Investigation Of Early Formative Mesoamerican Ceramics. Latin American Antiquity 17(1):54-57. Neff H, Blomster J, Glascock MD, Bishop RL, Blackman MJ, Coe MD, Cowgill GLC, Ann, Diehl RA, Houston S, Joyce AA et al. 2006. Smokescreens in the Provenance Investigation of Early Formative Mesoamerican Ceramics. Latin American Antiquity 17(1):104-118. Pohl MD, and von Nagy C. 2008. The Olmec and their contemporaries. In: Pearsall DM, editor. Encyclopedia of Archaeology. London: Elsevier Inc. p 217-230. Pool CA, Ceballos PO, del Carmen Rodrà ­guez Martà ­nez M, and Loughlin ML. 2010. The early horizon at Tres Zapotes: implications for Olmec interaction. Ancient Mesoamerica 21(01):95-105. Powis TG, Cyphers A, Gaikwad NW, Grivetti L, and Cheong K. 2011. Cacao use and the San Lorenzo Olmec. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108(21):8595-8600. Wendt CJ, and Cyphers A. 2008. How the Olmec used bitumen in ancient Mesoamerica. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 27(2):175-191.

The Pursuit Of Truth And Knowledge Essay - 2371 Words

There is a reoccurring theme in the history of the world that every civilization has contributed to: it is the endless pursuit of truth and knowledge. The pursuit has never been about reaching a destination or an end point, or about acquiring all the truth and knowledge there is to acquire. Men have learned early on that the universe it too vast to unearth all its mysteries. However, throughout this pursuit, men have also learned about the limitations of their own understandings, the setbacks of their capacity to know the world as well as they would like. This acknowledgement of man’s inability to fathom the world in its entirety is what has fueled and continues to fuel the hunt for truth. The age of Enlightenment was characterized by the abandonment of age-old dogma in favor of a new way of thinking (Greenblatt and Abrams 2182-85). The scientific method, developed by Francis Bacon, had opened up several avenues for discovery and paved the way for empiricism, a prominent aspec t of the era’s intellectual movement (Greenblatt and Abrams 2182-85). Among the greatest philosophers of the seventeenth century, John Locke is remembered as the most influential liberal philosopher to date. His contributions to political philosophy in what became known as modern day liberalism designated him as the apotheosis of Enlightenment thinkers, but his contributions extended far beyond politics. Locke ventured into the realm of epistemology, which is the subject of one of his most profoundShow MoreRelatedSocrates : An Essay On Morality, Misdeeds, And A Martyr1226 Words   |  5 Pagesfamiliarity. Socrates is one such unique name. A man of ethics and reason, Socrates would change history forever, creating a love of reason and knowledge unestablished by his predecessors. 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Oilwell Cable Company, Inc. Free Essays

1. If Norm chooses to go ahead with the microprocessor conversion on the machinery without passing it by the team he runs the risk of having a conflict with the production team. In the past a similar situation had caused significant trouble and Norm did not want to rock the boat for the sake of it. We will write a custom essay sample on Oilwell Cable Company, Inc. or any similar topic only for you Order Now The company structure is such that each team decides on matters pertaining to their area and Norm’s decision to implement the change would definitely cause a stir. The implementation of the microprocessor would cut production time by 1 percent and reduce scrap from the current rate of 1 percent down to one-half percent (Meredith, 227) . The other advantage of implementing the change without the consent of the production team would be that it would get done at a faster pace. The current management structure was such that it took a lot of time and energy on the employees’ part to come to a decision (Meredith, pg 229). 2. If Norm decides to consult the team prior to implementing the change the number one issue will be the time it takes for them to come to a decision. The team is known for taking a really long time to reach any decision (Meredith, pg 229). This decision process uses a lot of the employees’ time and energy which could be utilized in a much better way. The biggest advantage of including the production team in the decision making process for the implementation of the microprocessor would be that Norm would get their buy in. This would be key for the success of the idea. The team dynamics are such that once the team agrees to a change or idea, the implementation is quick (Meredith, pg 229). 3. The approval and implementation of the microprocessor by the production team represents a functional form of project organization. 4. Given the size of the company and the work they did along with the functionalized project organization it does not make sense to have a PMO. Since most of their work is based around the production of cables I see no point in having a PMO. A major contribution of PMOs is to establish project administration procedures for selecting, initializing and planning, budgeting and scheduling projects as well as serve as a repository for reports on the performance of the planning, budgeting, scheduling, and resource allocation processes (Meredith Mantel, pg 193). The structure of the organization does not require a PMO since decisions are made at the team level and not from a management level hence a PMO is not required. Func†¦ How to cite Oilwell Cable Company, Inc., Essay examples

Character Analysis of Atticus Finch in “To Kill A Mockingbird” free essay sample

Atticus Finch, father of both Jem and Scout Finch, is a widower and single parent to his two children, he works as an attorney and state legislative representative descended from an age-old family lineage in a small town called Maycomb, Alabama. When Atticus is assigned to represent a black man named Tom Robinson, he agrees to defend him for being charged with raping a white woman. Atticus plays a pivotal role in the book, â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird† as he teaches his children valuable life lessons that involve considering someone elses side of things from his or her’s own point of view. â€Å"You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view until you climb into his skin and walk around in it†, Atticus tells Scout. Informing her that you never actually know where a person is coming from until youve been there yourself. We will write a custom essay sample on Character Analysis of Atticus Finch in â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird† or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page An example of this is Mrs. Dubose, an elderly, ill-tempered, racist woman who lives next door. Atticus helps Scout and Jem see that regardless of Mrs. Dubose bitter attitude toward him, he still remains good to her because Atticus is aware that Mrs. Dubose has been raised differently than they have and on that account he gives them things to reflect on before criticizing Mrs. Dubose.As an attorney, Atticus wears a suit and a tie every day to work. He is also described as having glasses. In chapter 10, Scout calls him feeble and fifty for the reason that he doesn’t play football, hunt, fish, drink or smoke like other fathers she notices in town. Furthermore, the fact that he is fifty, and older than all the other children’s parents, gives him the impression of being more like a grandfather rather than a father. In other words, Jem and Scout believe their father is boring, frail, and old. They do not believe there is anything unique to him to boast about to their friends at school. Although they later respect Atticus once they discover Atticus used to be the best marksman in Maycomb County. Atticus Finch exhibits the qualities and traits of a proper, honest man, he is portrayed as a role model not only to his children but to the readers as well. Atticus Finch’s character is undoubtedly the most well mannered and civil throughout the entire book.Atticus Finch is a profoundly moral character in the book â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird†, which is one of the most significant character traits to Atticuss character in the book.